雅思写作高频分类词汇

查看：1 发布日期：2009-05-05 20:51 发布人：张艳

环保:
environmental protection 环境保护
environmentally-friendly 环保的
preserve v.保护，保存
污染：
Pollute= contaminate, pollutant
Pollution=contamination
垃圾: rubbish, garbage, trash, waste, litter
处理: dispose of, burn, bury (landfill), dump，recycle
plastic bags, drinking cans
biodegradable packaging可降解包装,
throwaway 可丢弃的
disposable 可丢弃的
discourage v. 不鼓励
燃料
non-renewable 不可再生的
fossil fuels矿石燃料: natural gas, coal, petroleum
limited/finite natural resources 有限的自然资源
alternative energy替代能源
replace=substitute v.取代
(wind power, hydropower水电,
solar (lunar) power太阳能,
nuclear power核能
radioactivity n. 辐射性
use up, deplete, exhaust v. 用光，耗尽
conserve v. 节省，节约,
consume less v. 少消耗
危害动物:
poaching非法打猎，盗猎,
damage natural habitat破坏自然栖息地,
rare breed稀有物种,
endangered species濒危物种,
extinct adj.灭绝 (die out, disappear),
animal rights activist动物权益保护者 ,
natural reserve(giant panda大熊猫)自然保护区,
protect wild life保护野生动物,
disastrous灾难性的, devastation破坏,
have disastrous effect on…对。。。有灾难性的影响
危害植物:
vegetation植被
deforestation森林消失,
landslide山体滑坡,
危害环境:
carbon dioxide二氧化碳,
acid rain酸雨(erode腐蚀)
greenhouse effect温室效应 (worsening, deteriorate, deterioration恶化)
global warming全球变暖
ecological system=ecosystem生态系统
green belt绿化带, sand storm沙尘暴, (filter v. 过滤)
arouse people’s awareness/consciousness of environmental protection提高公众的环保意识
2. 教育
学校:
nursery托儿所
kindergarten幼儿园
primary school/elementary school小学,
secondary school中学教育
higher education高等教育
further education进修
教育: parenting, schooling,
enroll 入学admit 招收，录取
Parents are obliged to do…父母有责任、义务去做。。。
compulsory education 强制教育、义务教育
minors 未成年人
immature 不成熟的

学习的好处
learn skills学习技能
acquire knowledge学习知识，
enrich knowledge丰富知识,
widen horizon开阔视野,
inspire interest激发兴趣,
stimulate interest激发兴趣,
cultivate v. 培养 hobbies
develop potentials
conduce to mental development
lay a solid foundation for the future为将来打下坚实的基础
学习上的问题:
lack discipline缺少约束力/persistence毅力,
test-oriented education应试型教育,
quality education 素质教育
cram for examinations突击考试,
stuff 塞 materials
memorise背, memorisation,
rote learning死记硬背
Test-taking techniques应试技巧

坏处：
discourage critical thinking 打击评判性思维
students stop questioning what they are being taught
学生们不去质问他们学习的东西
conduce to academic performance有助学习表现
Adversely influence 负面地影响（动作）
Exert adverse/unfavorable influence on对。。。产生负面影响
Emphasis on memorisation adversely influences one’s academic performance.
Creativity 创造性
Come at the expense/cost of creativity以牺牲创造力为代价
Lower/raise the standard of…降低了。。。的水平

3. 新闻,媒体
媒体: medium-media:
read newspapers
watch TV programs
surf the Internet
see movies
up-to-date information最新的信息,
access v. n. 接触
The internet enables people to have easy access to various information.
记者：reporter, journalist, paparazzi 狗仔队（复数）
读者群Readership
观众audience
报道：news coverage

好处:
provide us with rich information给我们提供丰富的信息,
entertain us是我们得到娱乐,
enable people to relax使人们得到放松,
disseminate/spread knowledge传播知识,
keep people well-informed使人信息灵通
Convenience便利, efficiency 效率
download, upload, write your blogs, share your feelings with friends

坏处:
information overload/explosion, 信息爆炸
Uncensored information corrupts children’s minds.未经审查信息腐蚀小孩的心灵。
Violence n.暴力, pornography n.色情,
obscene色情的, violent暴力的, pornographic色情的
objectionable content不良信息
cyber crime网络犯罪 (financial crime)
Internet-addicted 上网成瘾的
isolation 孤立, isolated 孤立的
unsociable不善社交的

新闻审查制度: censorship
filter objectionable content过滤不良内容,
provide a safe and pleasant cyber environment 提供一个安全美好的网络空间
invade one’s privacy侵犯隐私,
deprive people of the freedom of speech剥夺人们言论自由,
freedom of the press新闻自由
People are deprived of the freedom of speech. 人们被剥夺了言论自由。

4. 交通
Means of public transport: airplane, ship, cruises, ferry, coach, shuttle bus, light rail
mobility移动性
pedestrian行人
traffic conditions
(worsen, deteriorate, go from bad to worse), 交通状况恶化
traffic regulations/codes交通规则 (obey遵守, violate违背),
traffic congestions, traffic jams,
heavy traffic拥挤的交通
light traffic比较畅通的交通,
crowded street拥挤的道路
Cars dominate our roads. 车辆占满了我们的道路。
vehicle车辆
Traffic交通规则
Drink-driving酒后驾车
观点:
adopt effective transport strategy采取有效的交通策略
traffic-calming measures减轻交通拥堵的措施
Relieve the pressure on traffic, 减轻交通方面的压力
encourage people to use public transport, 鼓励大家使用公交
carpool拼车
build more cycle lanes 自行车道,
encourage Park and Ride 停车换乘
raise the price of fuels 提高油价
impose higher tax 征收高额的税
Subsidise public transport 补贴公共交通
City council市政府
飞机：
No other means of transport can be compared with airplanes for its convenience and speed.

6. 工作:
Full-time, part-time, white-collar, blue-collar, semi-skilled, self-employed, freelancer,
收入: income, earnings, wages, salary,
职业好: enjoyable, pleasant, fascinating令人着迷的
Steady稳定的
provide many opportunities for…提供各种。。。的机会,
give me a sense of satisfaction/accomplishment给我一种满足感、成就感,
apply what I have learnt to my job把我学的用在工作中,
put my talent into full play充分发挥我的天分,
improve my interpersonal and communicative skills提高我的人际交往和交流能力, improve my independence独立能力,
well-fare福利
benefit future development将来的发展,
不好:
demanding难做的,
stressful有压力的,
tiring累人的, exhausting令人筋疲力尽的,
boring无聊的,
routine work常规工作,
repetitive重复性的,
work overtime/extra hours加班
workaholic工作狂,
repetitive strain injuries职业病,
adverse conditions恶劣的工作条件,
freelancer自由职业self-employed
Personnel, human resources 人力资源
7.健康
healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式
sedentary lifestyle久坐的,
an active lifestyle积极锻炼的,
excessive intake of…吃过多的。。
fast food快餐
convenience food方便食品
diabetes, diarrhea, respiratory disease,
nutrition营养
balanced diet均衡的饮食
protein蛋白质,
vitamin维生素,
fibre纤维
mineral矿物质,,
incurable disease绝症
depression抑郁症
obesity肥胖症
stress-related diseases和压力有关的疾病
therapy （非药物）治疗
treatment 治疗
运动好处
Relieve=ease=alleviate 减轻stress
aerobic exercises有氧运动
vigorous有活力的
energetic经历充沛的
refreshing提神的
refresh your mind and body 提神
train your muscle肌肉
improve blood circulation血液循环
increase flexibility提高灵活性
drain 排出
cultivate stamina and persistence培养耐力和毅力
develop teamwork spirit 培养团队合作精神
conduce to physical fitness身体健康
jeopardize= damage 危害

8. 家庭问题/青少年问题
single-parent family单亲家庭,
extended family大家庭,
minors未成年人, adolescent青春期的,
sibling兄弟姊妹
Peer pressure 同辈人的压力
foster, raise, bring up, rear a child抚养孩子,
spoil溺爱, indulge放纵
run wild撒野, go astray走上歧途
juvenile delinquency青少年犯罪,
obesity肥胖症, depression抑郁症,
bullying恃强凌弱
absenteeism缺席 (truancy, play truant)
父母应该：
give proper parental guidance父母的引导
set example for children为孩子树立榜样
encourage 鼓励
help build up confidence 帮助建立信心
motivate 鼓舞
discipline their children约束孩子
well-bred有教养的
learn how to behave themselves学会行为得体
act properly 行为得体

9. 犯罪,社会问题
criminal(offender)罪犯
commit crime犯罪,
robbery抢劫, murder谋杀, prostitution卖淫, gambling赌博, drug-dealing贩毒,
social security社会治安stability稳定
capital punishment, death penalty死刑,
sentence (v.) to death 判死刑
deter crimes威慑
right to life生存权,
abortion堕胎,
fetuses 胎儿
breadwinner经济支柱
rear a child养孩子
offense罪, offender罪犯,
compulsory retirement 强制退休
nursery 托儿所
nursing house老人院
longer imprisonment 长期监禁